The international collaboration of the school is distinguished by its strong partnership with Russia. The school has established international cooperation with Moscow Aviation Institute, Samara University, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, and other Russian universities through dual-degree programs (Bachelor's and Master's), joint PhD training, academic forums, summer camps, and international scholar co-taught courses. To date, it has enrolled 5 cohorts of students, training over 30 Master's students; enrolled 3 cohorts of undergraduates, totaling 54 students, with 19 students from the first batch already studying in Russia. Harbin Institute of Technology has also established joint laboratories in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Moscow Aviation Institute, and Samara University. Key Research Platforms with Russia have been formed, including the China-Russia Joint Simulation Center and the China-Russia Fluid Machinery Center. The School of Energy Science and Engineering has hosted 3 China-Russia Science and Technology Forums and organized the International Low-Carbon Energy Forum for Industry-Academia-Research Collaboration. Over the past five years of International Collaboration, the school has engaged in over 60+ international exchange visits, with 1 faculty member awarded the 2023 Chinese Government Friendship Award, 3 scholars being elected as Foreign Academicians of the Russian Academy of Engineering, and 1 scholar received the Russian Academy of Engineering Outstanding Contribution Award.

The school maintains strong partnerships with top universities in Asia, Europe, North America, and Australia. The School of Energy Science and Engineering co-develops undergraduate and graduate courses with internationally renowned scholars to enhance the curriculum. It has signed Key International Joint Programs including HIT-Seville University (Spain) Dual Ph.D. Program and Joint Electro hydrodynamics Laboratory. Each year, 7-10 full-time PhD students are sent for academic exchanges at leading international universities.