The college's international cooperation is distinguished by its strong focus on Russia. In collaboration with institutions such as the Moscow Aviation Institute, Samara University, and the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, the college promotes exchanges through various formats including dual bachelor's and master's degree programs, joint doctoral training, academic forums, summer camps, and courses co-developed with international scholars. To date, five cohorts of students have been enrolled, jointly training over 30 master's students. At the undergraduate level, three cohorts totaling 54 students have been admitted, with the first group of 19 students already studying in Russia.

Harbin Institute of Technology has led the joint approval of a collaborative laboratory with multiple Russian institutions, including the Institute of Chemical Physics Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, the Moscow Aviation Institute, and Samara University. A series of platforms, such as the Sino-Russian Joint Simulation Center and the Sino-Russian Fluid Machinery Center, have been established.

The College of Energy has taken the lead in organizing three sessions of the China-Russia Science and Technology Forum and the International Conference on Industry-Academia-Research Application - Low-Carbon Energy Sub-Forum. Over the past five years, international cooperation and exchanges have involved more than 60 participants. One individual received the 2023 Chinese Government Friendship Award, three were elected as foreign academicians of the Russian Academy of Engineering, and one received the Russian Academy of Engineering Outstanding Contribution Award.

The college maintains strong cooperative relationships with top universities across Asia, Europe, North America, and Australia. High-level international scholars jointly develop and teach undergraduate and postgraduate courses, enhancing the college's curriculum system. A dual-doctoral degree joint training agreement was signed with the University of Seville in Spain, along with the establishment of a joint laboratory on electro-fluid dynamics.

For full-time doctoral students, the college annually sends 7 to 10 students, accompanied by faculty, to renowned international universities for academic exchanges.